Fishing


Fisheries in Zambia
  1. Q: What are fisheries, and where do they occur in Zambia?
A: Areas where fish are caught, in rivers, lakes, and swamps.
  1. Q: Why are fisheries an important resource for Zambia?
A: Provide income for many people.
Fish Stocks in Zambia
  1. Q: What has happened to fish stocks in Zambia's major fisheries?
A: Decreased due to overfishing.
  1. Q: What are some of the major fisheries in Zambia?
A: Lake Tanganyika, Lake Mweru, Zambezi River.
Types of Fish Caught
  1. Q: What types of fish are caught in Zambia's fisheries?
A: Bream, kapenta, tigerfish.
Challenges Facing Fisheries
  1. Q: What is the main cause of declining fish stocks in Zambia?
A: Overfishing.
  1. Q: What is the importance of sustainable fishing practices in Zambia?
A: Conserves fish stocks.
Conservation Efforts
  1. Q: How can overfishing be prevented in Zambia's fisheries?
A: Implement catch limits.
Conservation Efforts
  1. Q: What role can governments play in promoting sustainable fishing practices?
A: Enact laws, provide education, and enforce regulations.
  1. Q: How can local communities contribute to fisheries conservation?
A: Report illegal fishing, participate in conservation efforts, and promote sustainable fishing practices.
Economic Importance of Fisheries
  1. Q: What is the economic importance of fisheries in Zambia?
A: Provides income, employment, and food security.
  1. Q: How do fisheries contribute to Zambia's GDP?
A: Through export earnings, job creation, and local economic activity.
Challenges Facing Fisheries
  1. Q: What are some of the challenges facing Zambia's fisheries sector?
A: Overfishing, habitat destruction, and climate change.
  1. Q: How can climate change impact Zambia's fisheries?
A: Changes in water temperature, reduced fish stocks, and altered ecosystems.
Sustainable Fishing Practices
  1. Q: What are some sustainable fishing practices that can be adopted in Zambia?
A: Catch-and-release fishing, using eco-friendly fishing gear, and implementing closed seasons.
  1. Q: How can sustainable fishing practices benefit Zambia's fisheries sector?
A: Conserves fish stocks, promotes ecosystem health, and supports livelihoods.
Major Fisheries in Zambia
  1. Q: What is Lake Kariba known for?
A: Commercial fishing and sports fishing.
  1. Q: What fish species are found in Lake Kariba?
A: Bream, kapenta, tigerfish, and bottlenose fish.
  1. Q: What is Lake Tanganyika mainly known for?
A: Kapenta (freshwater sardines) and Nile perch (buka-buka).
  1. Q: How are kapenta caught in Lake Tanganyika?
A: With draw nets.
  1. Q: How are Nile perch caught in Lake Tanganyika?
A: With seine nets.
  1. Q: What is the significance of Lake Tanganyika's fisheries?
A: Provides income and food security for local communities.
  1. Q: What is the importance of sustainable fishing practices in Lake Kariba and Lake Tanganyika?
A: Conserves fish stocks and promotes ecosystem health.
  1. Q: How can overfishing be prevented in Lake Kariba and Lake Tanganyika?
A: Implementing catch limits and enforcing fishing regulations.
Fishing Methods
  1. Q: What is draw net fishing?
A: A method of fishing using a net that is drawn or pulled through the water.
  1. Q: What is seine net fishing?
A: A method of fishing using a net that is cast into the water and then pulled in.
  1. Q: What are some other methods of fishing used in Zambia?
A: Line fishing, trap fishing, and gillnet fishing.
  1. Q: What is the importance of using sustainable fishing methods?
A: Conserves fish stocks, promotes ecosystem health, and supports livelihoods.
Fisheries Management
  1. Q: What is the role of fisheries management in Zambia?
A: To conserve and manage fish stocks, and promote sustainable fishing practices.
  1. Q: What are some of the challenges facing fisheries management in Zambia?
A: Overfishing, habitat destruction, and lack of resources.
  1. Q: How can communities contribute to fisheries management?
A: By reporting illegal fishing, participating in conservation efforts, and promoting sustainable fishing practices.
  1. Q: What is the importance of international cooperation in fisheries management?
A: To share knowledge, coordinate conservation efforts, and promote sustainable fishing practices globally.
Lake Bangweulu
  1. Q: What are the waterways on Lake Bangweulu used for?
A: Fishing boats and canoes.
  1. Q: What methods of fishing are used on Lake Bangweulu?
A: Gill netting, baskets, spears, seine nets, and fishing lines.
  1. Q: What types of fish are found in Lake Bangweulu?
A: Tigerfish, bream, bulldog fish, and barbel.
Lake Mweru
  1. Q: What is the most common fishing method on Lake Mweru?
A: Kutumpula (gill netting).
  1. Q: How do fishermen drive fish into nets on Lake Mweru?
A: By splashing the water to scare the fish.
  1. Q: What happens to most of the fish caught on Lake Mweru?
A: Sold fresh, mostly to the Copperbelt.
Rivers
  1. Q: Which rivers in Zambia are known for fishing?
A: Zambezi, Kafue, Chambeshi-Luapula, and Luangwa.
  1. Q: Why is the Kafue River an important fishery?
A: Close to Lusaka, abundant fish, and main market.
Kafue River
  1. Q: What is the main fishing method used on the Kafue River?
A: Gill netting.
  1. Q: What types of fish are caught on the Kafue River?
A: Bream, sharp-toothed barbel, pike, and bottlenose fish.
  1. Q: How long is the Kafue River fishery?
A: About 390 kilometres.
  1. Q: Where does the Kafue River fishery stretch from?
A: From the Itezhi-Tezhi dam to the Kafue Gorge.
Zambezi River
  1. Q: What is the Zambezi River known for in terms of fishing?
A: Commercial and sports fishing.
  1. Q: What types of fish are found in the Zambezi River?
A: Tigerfish, bream, and kapenta.
  1. Q: What is the importance of the Zambezi River fishery?
A: Provides income and food security for local communities.
  1. Q: What are some of the challenges facing the Zambezi River fishery?
A: Overfishing, habitat destruction, and pollution.
Fishing in Swamps and Floodplains
  1. Q: Where is fishing done in swamps and floodplains in Zambia?
A: Barotse floodplains, Lukanga, and Bangweulu swamps.
  1. Q: How do the Lozi people catch fish on the Barotse floodplains?
A: Using nets and spears during the dry season, and reed fences and earth dams during the wet season.
Fish Farms
  1. Q: What is fish farming also known as?
A: Aquaculture.
  1. Q: What is the main purpose of fish farming?
A: Raising fish commercially for food and to increase fish species.
  1. Q: Where do fish farmers get fingerlings from?
A: The fish hatchery of the Fisheries Department.
Types of Fish Farms
  1. Q: What are the two main types of fish farms in Zambia?
A: Cage farms and pond farms.
  1. Q: How do cage fish farms work?
A: Fish cages are placed in lakes or rivers to contain and protect fish until harvest.
  1. Q: What is an advantage of cage fish farming?
A: Different types of fish can be raised, and fish farming can co-exist with other water uses.
Pond Fish Farms
  1. Q: What is required to start a pond fish farm?
A: A pond that holds water.
  1. Q: How are fish fed in small pond fish farms?
A: Commercial fish food.
  1. Q: What can fish waste products be used for in pond fish farms?
A: Fertilizing farmlands.
  1. Q: Why is controlling water quality important in pond fish farms?
A: To increase fish supplies and maintain oxygen levels.
Importance of Fish Farming
  1. Q: Why is fish farming important in Zambia?
A: Increases fish supplies, provides income, and reduces overfishing.
  1. Q: What is the impact of fish farming on the environment?
A: Can help conserve natural fisheries and reduce pressure on wild fish stocks.
  1. Q: How can fish farming contribute to food security in Zambia?
A: Provides a reliable source of protein-rich food.
  1. Q: What is the potential for fish farming in Zambia?
A: High demand for fish, favorable climate, and availability of water resources.
Types of Fish Found in Zambia
  1. Q: How many different kinds of fish are found in Zambia?
A: Over 300.
  1. Q: What is the weight range of fish found in Zambia?
A: From a few grams to over 90 kilograms.
Main Types of Fish Found in Zambian Fisheries
  1. Q: What is bream also known as?
A: Tilapia.
  1. Q: Where is bream commonly found?
A: In shallow waters.
  1. Q: What is unique about the sharp-toothed barbel?
A: Has razor-sharp, pointed, interlocking teeth.
  1. Q: What is the average weight of a sharp-toothed barbel?
A: About 3 kg, but can weigh over 6 kg.
  1. Q: What is the tigerfish known for?
A: Living in shoals of like-sized fish.
  1. Q: What is unique about the bottlenose fish?
A: Can give an electric shock if touched on both sides while wet.
Nile Perch (Buka Buka)
  1. Q: Where is the Nile perch found?
A: Widely in many lakes in Africa.
  1. Q: What is the Nile perch's feeding habit?
A: Feeds on fish, crabs, and insects.
  1. Q: Why do Nile perch form large schools?
A: As a means of protection.
Freshwater Sardines (Kapenta)
  1. Q: Where was kapenta originally found?
A: Lake Tanganyika.
  1. Q: How is kapenta mainly caught?
A: At night using trawlers fitted with lamps.
  1. Q: Why do kapenta live in large schools?
A: For protection.
  1. Q: What is kapenta also known as?
A: Freshwater sardines.
Methods of Fishing in Zambia
  1. Q: What is the main difference between small-scale and large-scale fishing in Zambia?
A: Small-scale fishing is for subsistence or livelihood, while large-scale fishing is commercial.
  1. Q: What methods are used in small-scale fishing?
A: Traps, baskets, and hooks.
Baskets and Traps
  1. Q: How are traps used in small-scale fishing?
A: Set along barriers in streams or small dams to catch fish.
  1. Q: How are baskets used in small-scale fishing?
A: Dragged through or lined up in shallow water to catch fish.
Nets
  1. Q: What are the three main types of nets used in large-scale fishing?
A: Gill nets, seine nets, and scoop nets.
  1. Q: How are gill nets used?
A: Set overnight in lakes or rivers to catch fish.
  1. Q: How are seine nets used?
A: Dragged along towards the shore to catch fish.
  1. Q: What is the environmental impact of using seine nets?
A: Causes damage to underwater environment, such as destroying water plants.
Fishing Lines and Spears
  1. Q: Who uses fishing lines with bait?
A: Subsistence fishermen and sports fishermen.
  1. Q: How is spearfishing done?
A: From land or underwater using spears to catch fish.
Fishing Methods
  1. Q: What is the purpose of using lights in scoop net fishing?
A: To attract fish into the net.
  1. Q: Where is scoop net fishing commonly used?
A: Lakes Tanganyika and Kariba.
  1. Q: What type of fish is commonly caught using scoop nets?
A: Kapenta.
  1. Q: What is the difference between gill netting and seine netting?
A: Gill netting involves setting nets overnight, while seine netting involves dragging nets towards the shore.
Environmental Impact
  1. Q: What is the environmental impact of seine netting?
A: Destroys water plants and causes damage to the underwater environment.
  1. Q: Why is it important to conserve fish stocks?
A: To maintain ecosystem balance and ensure sustainable fishing practices.
  1. Q: What can happen if fish stocks are overfished?
A: Fish populations decline, leading to economic and food security impacts.
Types of Fishing Craft
  1. Q: What are fishing craft?
A: Vehicles used by fishermen to reach fishing grounds and transport fish.
  1. Q: What types of boats are used for fishing in Zambia?
A: Dugout canoes and motor-driven boats.
  1. Q: What is the purpose of specially constructed boats?
A: To perform specific functions, such as kapenta fishing.
Fish Processing Methods
  1. Q: How are fish processed for the market in Zambia?
A: Sold fresh, dried, smoked, salted, frozen, or canned.
  1. Q: Why is drying a popular method of fish processing?
A: It is a secure way to ensure fish reach the market in good condition.
  1. Q: How are fish dried?
A: Either dried in the sun or smoked over a slow-burning wood fire.
  1. Q: What is the environmental impact of smoking fish?
A: Can cause deforestation if there is no tree-planting program.
  1. Q: What is the purpose of salting fish?
A: To preserve fish and prevent rotting.
Fish Processing Methods
  1. Q: How does salting help in preserving fish?
A: Prevents bacterial growth and allows large fish to be sun-dried.
  1. Q: What is the purpose of freezing fish?
A: To keep the fish temperature below 0°C and prevent bacterial growth.
  1. Q: How are fish frozen for transportation?
A: Placed on ice blocks with crushed ice in an insulated container.
  1. Q: What is the benefit of canning fish?
A: A reliable and long-lasting method that could boost fish exports.
Importance of Fish Processing
  1. Q: Why is fish processing important in Zambia?
A: Ensures fish reach the market in good condition and increases shelf life.
  1. Q: What are the economic benefits of fish processing?
A: Creates employment opportunities and generates income for fishermen and processors.
  1. Q: How can improved fish processing methods benefit the Zambian economy?
A: Increase fish exports, reduce post-harvest losses, and improve food security.
Challenges Facing the Fishing Industry
  1. Q: What are some of the challenges facing the fishing industry in Zambia?
A: Marketing, storage, transportation, overfishing, and bad fishing methods.
  1. Q: How do long distances to markets affect fishermen?
A: Makes it difficult to sell fish catches.
  1. Q: What is the impact of poor road conditions on the fishing industry?
A: Limits opportunities for fish to be sold to different markets.
  1. Q: What are the effects of overfishing?
A: Smaller catches and depletion of fish stocks.
Possible Solutions
  1. Q: What initiatives has the government taken to address the challenges facing the fishing industry?
A: Restocking, annual fishing bans, and fish farming.
  1. Q: What is the purpose of restocking?
A: To replenish fish stocks in natural fisheries.
  1. Q: Why are annual fishing bans enforced?
A: To control catches and allow fish stocks to recover.
  1. Q: What is the importance of fish farming?
A: Provides a sustainable source of fish and helps to replenish depleted fish stocks.
Importance of Fish Farming
  1. Q: Why is fish farming important in Zambia?
A: Helps to increase fish production, reduce reliance on wild fisheries, and provide employment opportunities.
  1. Q: What types of fish are commonly farmed in Zambia?
A: Carp, tilapia, and catfish.
Activity 13: Analyse Challenges and Solutions
  1. Q: Why do you think there is no fishing ban in shared fisheries like Kariba and Mweru?
A: Possibly due to international agreements or lack of effective management.
  1. Q: Is it necessary to have fishing bans? Why?
A: Yes, to prevent overfishing, allow fish stocks to recover, and maintain ecosystem balance.
  1. Q: Discuss the importance of fish farming in Zambia.
A: Fish farming provides a sustainable source of fish, reduces reliance on wild fisheries, and creates employment opportunities.

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